How to lay the foundation for building a house in rural areas? Comprehensive analysis of construction key points and precautions
In recent years, with the advancement of the rural revitalization strategy, the demand for self-built houses in rural areas has continued to grow. The foundation is the core of house safety, and its construction quality is directly related to the life of the building. This article will combine the latest industry standards and practical experience to systematically explain the construction methods of rural house foundations.
1. Foundation type selection
According to geological conditions and house structure, common foundation types and applicable scenarios in rural areas are as follows:
| Foundation type | Applicable conditions | Construction depth | cost estimate |
|---|---|---|---|
| strip foundation | Solid soil, low-rise buildings | 0.8-1.5 meters | 80-120 yuan/㎡ |
| independent basis | frame structure house | 1.2-2 meters | 150-200 yuan/㎡ |
| raft foundation | Soft soil geological area | 0.5-1 meter | 220-300 yuan/㎡ |
| pile foundation | high water table area | More than 3 meters | 400-600 yuan/㎡ |
2. Detailed explanation of construction process
1.geological survey: It is recommended to use Luoyang shovel manual exploration, with no less than 3 detection points per 100㎡
2.Foundation pit excavation: Pay attention to the grading ratio (hard soil 1:0.5, soft soil 1:1), and drainage measures need to be taken during the rainy season.
3.foundation treatment: Comparison of common methods
| Treatment method | Applicable soil quality | Construction points |
|---|---|---|
| compacted dust | collapsible loess | Lime:soil=3:7, compact in layers |
| gravel cushion | weak soil layer | Thickness ≥300mm, particle size 20-40mm |
| concrete pouring | Universal | C20 or above, curing ≥7 days |
4.Basic construction: The brick foundation needs to be provided with a moisture-proof layer, and structural column reinforcements should be reserved for the concrete foundation.
3. Key points of the new regulations in 2023
According to the latest "Technical Policy for Rural Housing Construction":
• The standard value of foundation bearing capacity shall not be less than 80kPa
• The foundation depth in frozen soil areas should exceed the freezing line by 0.25 meters
• Geosphere beams (section ≥240×180mm) should be installed in the seismic fortification area
4. Solutions to common problems
| Problem phenomenon | Cause analysis | Solutions |
|---|---|---|
| Wall cracks | Uneven settlement of foundation | Pressure grouting reinforcement + additional ground beams |
| Ground moisture return | Moisture barrier failure | Redo waterproof mortar layer (1:2 cement mortar) |
| Basic water seepage | rising groundwater levels | Ring drain + waterproof membrane |
5. Material selection suggestions
1. Rebar: Priority is given to HRB400 rebar. Mechanical property testing is required for diameters above 12mm.
2. Cement: Grade 42.5 ordinary Portland cement, a new factory product within the shelf life
3. Aggregate: The mud content of gravel should be ≤3%, and the fineness modulus of sand should be 2.3-3.0.
6. Acceptance standards
According to GB50202-2018 regulations:
• Plane size deviation ≤50mm
• Elevation error ±10mm
• The foundation bearing capacity test needs to reach 1.2 times the design value
It is recommended to conduct 72-hour settlement observation after the construction is completed. The daily settlement does not exceed 2mm to be qualified. Although self-built houses in rural areas are not as strictly supervised as urban buildings, the quality of the foundation is related to life safety. It is recommended to hire professional technicians to guide the construction and retain image data of key processes for future reference.
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